Caritas has introduced the XX Statistical Dossier on Immigration entitled "Dossier 1991-2010: a culture of others." The first report on immigration made by Caritas / Migrantes was released in 1991 with the aim of fostering an "eye relief, but not superficial, statistics on migration" (from the synthesis of Statistical Dossier 2010). Today, twenty years later, the photographer and analyzes statistical report, in its various aspects and dynamics, immigration in Italy.
immigration numbers. According to the data contained in the dossier Caritas / Migrantes, December 31 2009, foreign residents in Italy are 4 million 919mila (1 immigrant every 12 residents) and the impact on the average population is 7%, with peaks of more than 10% in regions such as Lombardy, Emilia Romagna and Umbria. The difference between these figures and attendance during the same period by Istat (4 million 235mila) stems from the fact that the dossier was taken into account also the people that were not recorded at the registry, though legally resident.
The syndrome of invasion. " If these are objective data, the perception of the phenomenon by the Italians is quite different. Respondents to the research Transatlantic Trends (2009), cited in the dossier, believe that Immigrants account for 23% of the resident population (about 15 million are therefore, three times the actual value) and that the "illegals" are more numerous than the migrants (estimates, however, show a number around half a million). This distorted vision is affected by many factors, including hostility and fear, exacerbated by economic and employment crisis, which has focused on immigrants a generalized discontent.
Composition and geographical distribution of the foreign population. The nationality is Romania's largest (almost 900 thousand residents), followed by Albanians and Moroccans (almost half a million), while the Chinese and Ukrainian are almost 200 thousand. Overall, the first five communities representing more than half of the immigrant presence (50.7%). The site is mainly in the north and center, but the South is involved in the phenomenon, representing a privileged area for some communities, like the Albanians in Puglia, Campania and the Ukrainians in Tunisians in Sicily. Rome and Milan, respectively, with nearly 270 thousand and 200 thousand foreign residents, the municipalities are quantitatively more important but also the immigrants settle in small towns, often with high incidences of total residents. And 'the emblematic case of municipalities, such as Porto Recanati (Macerata) or Stiviere Castiglione (Mantova) where foreigners are 20% residents and Airole (Imperia), where the foreign share reached 35%.
Women are on average 51.3%, with a peak of 58.3% and 63.5% in Campania in Oristano, and lowest in Lombardy (48.7%) and Ragusa (41.5 %). Children are 932,675, an average of 22% of the total minority population in Italy. Of these, 77,148 are newborns in 2009 by two foreign parents, that 13% of all births, rising to 16.5% if we consider the children born of mixed marriages. The children of immigrants enrolled in school are 673,592, 7.5% of the school population. The data, which is lagging behind the school three times higher than the Italians, suggest the need to increase the resources devoted to the education of foreign students, especially if they come for family reunification.
Immigration and the economy. Foreign workers in Italy are about 10% of the total workforce and contribute 11, 1% of gross domestic product. Despite the crisis also affected employment (3 out of 10 are unemployed new immigrants), the dossier shows that "the fact that they perform menial tasks is essential but served to protect them from the most severe impacts." A particularly positive trend is recorded in entrepreneurship: despite the general economic crisis, 31 May 2010 enterprises with foreign owner are registered at the Chamber of Commerce 213 267, 3.5% of all enterprises operating in Italy and 7.2% when considering only the small businesses. The increase of almost 26 000 companies from 2008 is indicative of the dynamism of this sector. Finally, another aspect that should not be underestimated is the contribution of immigrants in terms of social security contributions and taxes. The report by Caritas / Migrantes points out that the revenue guaranteed by immigrants from taxes, renewal of residence permits, citizenship practices and social security contributions amount to around EUR 11 billion (of these, 7.5 billion are INPS, which by the year 2000 the budget has constantly active). A fronte di queste entrate le spese sostenute dall’Italia per la popolazione straniera in termini di sanità , scuola, servizi sociali, tribunale, carcere, centri di accoglienza, ecc. sono state valutate intorno a 10 miliardi.
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